Bulls Blood Beet

Beta vulgaris

Healthy Recipes:

• Beet Salad
• Honey-Roasted Beets
• Roasted Beet Hummus

History:

Beets, believed to originate from the coast of the Mediterranean, specifically from what is known as Sea Beets, were first cultivated for their edible leaves. By the end of the 15th century, beets had spread throughout Europe, with records of their use for both leaves and roots. In the 1700s, Prussians developed beets containing sugar, a significant development in the beet’s history. Nowadays, sugar beets, a direct result of this development, provide almost half of the world’s sugar. Beets were most likely brought to America by European immigrants, a fact that can be traced back to the 1800s. By this time, beets had undergone a significant transformation. They were no longer white or black with pointed roots. Instead, they were these round bulbous roots with deep hues of red. This new beet is what we are familiar with today.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Carrots, Catnip, Garlic, Lettuce, Marigold, Mint, Onions, & Radishes

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 14-21 Days
• Seed Depth: ½”
• Ideal Temperature: 50-85 F
• Plant Space: 6”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 50 Days

Growing Tips:

Plant 3-4 weeks before last frost. Once they sprout, quickly thin them out.

Waltham 29 Broccoli

Brassica oleracea

Healthy Recipes:

• Caramelized Broccoli w/ Garlic
• Lemon Parmesan Smashed Broccoli
• Broccoli and Cheese Soup

History:

The modern-day broccoli plant was derived from wild broccoli that grew in the Mediterranean region. Broccoli gradually spread to the rest of Europe and America. Most notably, Thomas Jefferson grew broccoli in his experimental garden. Following WWI, broccoli was grown in San Jose, California, and later shipped to Boston’s North End, expanding broccoli’s market. In 1950, however, researchers at the University of Massachusetts in Waltham, MA, developed Waltham 29 broccoli. Nowadays, broccoli is grown in almost every US state.

Companion Plants:

Beets, Bush beans, Carrots, Celery, Chard, Cucumber, Dill, Kale, Lettuce, Mint, Nasturtium, Onion family plants, Oregano, Potato, Rosemary, Sage, & Spinach

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 60-80 F
• Plant Space: 12”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 75 Days

Growing Tips:

Start indoors in late winter, or sow seeds directly 3-4 weeks before last frost. You can plant this crop again in late summer for a Fall harvest.

Brunswick Cabbage

Brassica oleracea

Healthy Recipes:

• Sautéed Cabbage
• Southern-Style Cabbage
• Coleslaw

History:

While cabbage has a somewhat elusive history, it is believed to be domesticated in Europe around 1,000 BC. Since Antiquity, cabbage has been used in cuisine and was described as a table luxury during the Roman Empire. Cabbage is an excellent variety for late-season and cool weather. Brunswick Cabbage was first mentioned in a seed catalog in the 1870s.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Beets, Celery, Garlic, Mint, Nasturtium, Onions, Oregano, Peas, Potato, Rosemary, Sage, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 50-75 F
• Plant Space: 10”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 90 Days

Growing Tips:

This crop prefers cool weather and damp soil. They can be planted for a late spring or fall harvest.

St. Valery Carrot

Daucus carota

Healthy Recipes:

• Honey-Glazed Carrots
• Baked Carrot Chips
• Carrot Muffins

History:

Carrots began being grown for crops in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, & Uzbekistan) more than 1,100 years ago. Some evidence points to carrots being grown earlier than this by the Roman Empire. Carrot seeds have been found in Swiss and German campsites 3,000-5,000 years ago. However, these varieties most likely are wild seeds. Carrots come in a variety of colors. However, the Dutch developed the iconic orange carrot.  The Vilmorins of France (a French Seed Producer) mentioned the St. Valery variety in 1885. They said it had been grown a “long time” then.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Cabbage, Cilantro, Dill, Lettuce, Onion, Radishes, Sage, Tomatoes, & Turnips

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts in 12-18 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8″
• Ideal Temperature: 50-75 F
• Plant Spacing: 2-3″
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 70 Days

Growing Tips:

Carrots require light and fluffy soil in full sun, adequate moisture but only average fertilizing. Surface sow; press in gently and provide consistent irrigation. Best in cooler weather.

Sweet Corn

Zea Mays ssp. Mays

Healthy Recipes:

• Corn Salad
• Creamy Corn Chowder
• Skillet Fried Corn

History:

Christopher Columbus first introduced this vegetable to Europe in 1493. However, the commodity did not catch on due to inadequate education on how to grow the vegetable. Sweet corn occurs spontaneously due to a mutation in field corn. Because of the genetic mutation, sweet corn has a higher sugar level in each kernel. Many Native American tribes grew corn as a source of food. The Iroquois tribe grew the first recorded crop of sweet corn, called “Papoon,” for European settlers in 1779. Since then, sweet corn has become a staple in southern food.

Companion Plants:

Annual Flowers, Beans, Cucumbers, Dill, Mint, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Peas, Radishes, Squash, Sunflowers, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1”
• Ideal Temperature: 85-90 F
• Plant Space: 12”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 85 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct sow once temperatures stay above 65 degrees. You will need to plant this crop in blocks of four rows to ensure each kernel of corn gets pollinated.

Sweet Marketmore Cucumber

Cucumis sativus

Healthy Recipes:

• Cucumber Salad
• Creamy Pineapple Cucumber Smoothie
• Quick Refrigerator Pickles

History:

Cucumbers originated in India and have been cultivated in Western Asia for at least 3000 years. They were first spread to Europe through Greece and Italy, appearing in France in the 9th century and England in the 14th. Christopher Columbus introduced cucumbers to Haiti in 1494. In 1535, Jacques Cartier found cucumbers growing in what would later be called Montreal. Marketmore cucumbers are a variety of cucumbers developed by Dr. Henry Munger from Cornell University in 1968. Since then, the Marketmore cucumber has been a global staple, passed down through families.

Companion Plants:

Borage, Calendula, Celery, Carrots, Corn, Dill, Melons, Nasturtium, Onion, Oregano, Peas, Potato, Radishes, Root Vegetables, & Sunflowers

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: ½”
• Ideal Temperature: 75-85 F
• Plant Space: 3”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 65 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct sow after danger of last frost.

Blue Lake Bush 274 Green Beans

Phaseolus vulgaris

Healthy Recipes:

• Sautéed Green Beans with Garlic
• Green Bean Casserole
• Spicy Air Fryer Green Beans

History:

Green beans, called snap beans or string beans, originated in Central and South America. Evidence shows that green beans have been cultivated in Mexico and Peru for thousands of years. The crop spread throughout the Americas due to Indigenous tribes spreading their seeds. Explorers brought green beans to North America and other countries in the late 1400s. Many varieties were pole beans, which Native Americans would plant next to corn, acting as a trellis. In the late 1800’s, they began breeding green beans to have fewer strings. 1961, the Blue Lake Bush 274 Green Bean was developed for reliability, flavor, yield, and disease resistance.

Companion Plants:

Carrots, Cucumbers, Corn, Nasturtium, & Squash

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: ½”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-80 F
• Plant Space: 4”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 60 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct sow seeds after last frost. Succession plant seeds to prolong harvest. You can increase the yield by harvesting regularly. This can be an early summer and late fall crop. Soak seeds over night before planting.

Burmese Okra

Abelmoschus esculentus

Healthy Recipes:

• Bamya
• Oven Roasted Okra
• Crispy Indian Okra

History:

Okra is thought to have originated from Ethiopia and then brought to Egypt, with records showing cultivation in 1216. From Egypt, the plant spread throughout the Mediterranean before heading eastward. Okra was introduced to the South of America by enslaved African people, who were victims of the slave trade in the early 16th century. Okra was one of the few crops enslaved Africans could bring, and the crops were successfully cultivated. It became a staple of enslaved people, providing extra sustenance. By 1748, it was grown as far north as Philadelphia, and by the 1800’s, it was commonplace throughout the Southern United States.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Cucumbers, Lettuce, Melons, Peppers, & Radishes

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1”
• Ideal Temperature: 75-90 F
• Plant Space: 18”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 56 Days

Growing Tips:

Soak seeds over night before planting. Direct sow once last frost date has passed. Pick pods while they are young and tender.

Ozark Giant Bell Pepper

Capsicum annuum

Healthy Recipes:

• Stuffed Bell Peppers
• Grilled Pepper and Red Onion Pizza
• Sautéed Italian Sausage w/ Onions & Peppers

History:

Native to South America, the Bell Pepper (also known as Sweet Pepper, Green Pepper, or Red Pepper) is a tropical perennial but also grown as an annual. While the Bell Pepper is used as a vegetable, it is classified as a berry. Its colors range from green to yellow, orange, red, purple, black, and white. Bell peppers have been growing in Mexico since 2500 BC and spread to Europe and other parts of the world due to Christopher Columbus.

Companion Plants:

Basil, Beans, Beets, Carrots, Cilantro, Chives, Cucumbers, Crane’s-bill, Dill, Eggplant, Garlic, Lettuce, Marjoram, Marigolds Nasturtium, Okra, Onion, Oregano, Parsley, Petunia, Radishes, Spinach, & Sunflower

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-95 F
• Plant Space: 18”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 75 Days

Growing Tips:

Start seeds 8-10 weeks before the last frost date. Ensure that seeds have bright light, and temperatures stay above 70 degrees. During the hottest part of the summer, peppers benefit from afternoon shade.

Craig’s Grande Jalapeno Pepper

Capsicum annuum

Healthy Recipes:

• Jalapeno Poppers
• Stuffed Jalapenos
• Jalapeno Popper Casserole

History:

This pepper, named after the city Jalapa, located in Veracruz, Mexico, is hot. Domesticated over 6,000 years ago, the pepper was initially used for medicinal purposes. Spanish explorers brought the pepper to the U.S. in the 16th century, when it quickly became popular in Texas and other southern states.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Carrots, Cucumbers, & Peas

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-95 F
• Plant Space: 18”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 70 Days

Growing Tips:

Start seeds 8-10 weeks before the last frost date. Ensure that seeds have bright light, and temperatures stay above 70 degrees. During the hottest part of the summer, peppers benefit from afternoon shade.

Pie Pumpkin

Cucrbita pepo

Healthy Recipes:

• Dinner in a Pumpkin
• Sheet-Pan Mac & Cheese w/ Pumpkin & Brown Butter
• Chickpea, Pumpkin, & Sage Stew

History:

Pumpkins are believed to have originated in North America around 9,000 years ago, with scientists dating seeds as early as 7000-5550 B.C. The word “pumpkin” originates from the Greek word “Peopon,” meaning large melon. The pumpkin has been an important staple among Native Americans, who grew them along river banks with corn and beans. This method is called the “Three Sisters” because all three plants benefit each other.

Companion Plants:

Basil, Borage, Catnip, Chamomile, Chives, Common Bean, Corn, Cucumber, Dill, Marigolds, Marjoram, Mint, Nasturtium, Oregano, Peas, Potato, Radishes, Tansy, & Tomato

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1”
• Ideal Temperature: 65-95 F
• Plant Space: 48”
• Frost Hardy: Light
• Harvest Time: 90 Days

Growing Tips:

Soak seeds 2-3 hours before planting. Direct sow after last frost date.

Beefsteak Tomato (Slicer)

Solanum lycopersicum

Healthy Recipes:

• Beefsteak Tomato Tart
• Panko-Crusted Beefsteak Tomatoes & Cilantro Garlic Pesto
• Garlic Rosemary Roasted beefsteak Tomatoes

History:

Hundreds of years ago, tomatoes grew wild across western South America and were cultivated by indigenous people. These early cultivators eventually brought the plant northward through Central America and into Mexico. When Spanish explorers arrived in the early 16th century, they returned the tomato to Spain. By the mid-1500s, the plant had spread to Italy and become a staple in Italian cuisine. In the early 1700s, European colonists brought the tomato back to the Americas. The term “beefsteak” first appeared in an 1869 seed catalog describing the slices as “solid and meaty as a beefsteak.” It was in the 1900s that the tomato became a widespread popular fruit throughout the United States.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Borage, Carrots, Calendula, Chives, Cilantro, Garlic, Lettuce, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Onions, Oregano, Radishes, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 75-90 F
• Plant Space: 24”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 85 Days
• Indeterminate

Growing Tips:

Start seeds inside 8-10 weeks before last frost. When transplanting outside, remove all but the top two sets of leaves. Bury the entire stem to create a healthier root system.

Cherry Tomato (Snack)

Solanum lycopersicum

Healthy Recipes:

• Roasted Cherry Tomatoes
• Pasta w/ Cherry Tomatoes
• Marinated Cherry Tomato Salad

History:

The cherry tomato is believed to be the only wild tomato found outside South America. This mixture of wild and domesticated garden tomatoes ranges in size from thumbnail to golf ball. The cherry tomato is believed to have been domesticated in Puebla-Veracruz in Mexico. A Swiss botanist first referred to it in 1623, and it has been popular in the U.S. since 1919.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Borage, Carrots, Calendula, Chives, Cilantro, Garlic, Lettuce, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Onions, Oregano, Radishes, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 75-95 F
• Plant Space: 24”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 65 Days
• Indeterminate

Growing Tips:

Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost. Transplant outside 2 weeks after the last frost.

Martino’s Roma Tomato (Sauce)

Solanum lycopersicum

Healthy Recipes:

• Roma Tomato Sauce
• Roasted Roma Tomatoes
• Roasted Tomato Basil Soup

History:

This tomato has roots rich in Italian farming traditions and was brought to the United States through the Finger Lakes area in New York. Seed Savers first offered this tomato in 1991, and it has since been a sought-after variety. The original seeds were passed down from an 87-year-old Italian gardener, who received them from a friend from Italy many years earlier. This type of tomato, thanks to its firm, dry flesh and few seeds, makes great sauces and is ideal for canning.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Borage, Carrots, Calendula, Chives, Cilantro, Garlic, Lettuce, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Onions, Oregano, Radishes, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 75-95 F
• Plant Space: 24”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 75 Days
• Indeterminate

Growing Tips:

Start seeds indoors, and keep soil moist and at 70 degrees or warmer. Transplant outside 2 weeks after the last frost.

Fordhook Zucchini Squash

Cucurbita pepo

Healthy Recipes:

• Roasted Zucchini w/ Parmesan
• Zucchini Bread
• Baked Cheesy Zucchini Bites

History:

Zucchini originated in Mesoamerica, a part of North America that extends from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica. Christopher Columbus introduced zucchini to Europe in 1492. Zucchini took off in Italy, and in the 1800s, through selective growing, we now have a modern Zucchini. That zucchini was reintroduced to America in the early 1900s. W. Atlee Burpee Co. introduced the Fordhook Zucchini in their catalog in 1942. They obtained the seeds from a grower in Naples, Italy. Burpee continued to use selective breeding to improve on the crop, and in 1947, introduced “Fordhook Zucchini Improved.” Eventually, the word “Improved” was dropped.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Borage, Calendula, Catnip, Chamomile, Clover, Corn, Dill, Fennel, Garlic, Lavender, Lemon Balm, Marigold, Mint, Nasturtiums, Oregano, Parsley, Peas, Radishes, Spinach, Sunflowers, &Sweet Alyssum

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 5-10 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/2”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-95 F
• Plant Space: 12-24”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 57 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct sow after last frost date. If you start seeds indoors, do not let them get root bound, and try not to disturb the roots when transplanting. Harvest frequently!

Crimson Sweet Watermelon

Citrullus vulgaris

Healthy Recipes:

• Watermelon Summer Salad
• Watermelon Smoothie
• Watermelon Raspberry Breakfast Bowl

History:

Watermelon seeds were discovered at an archaeology site in southwestern Libya, dating back over 5000 years. Scientists believe watermelons were initially cultivated for their high water content and were stored during dry months in Africa. In the 7th century, they began being grown in India before reaching China in the 10th century. Watermelons began appearing in Europe in the 1600s and became a minor garden crop in the 17th century. European colonists and enslaved African people brought watermelon to America. As early as 1576, Spanish settlers in Florida were growing watermelons. Following the Civil War, watermelons began being grown across the states. Charles V. Hall of Kansas State University developed the Crimson Sweet Watermelon. This 1964 All-American Selection Winner is today’s most popular watermelon thanks to its high sugar content, deep red flesh, and easy handling.

Companion Plants:

Basil, Beans, Corn, Cowpeas, Cucumbers, Lettuce, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Onions, Sunflower, & Radishes

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 5-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ½-1”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-95 F
• Plant Space: 36”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 85 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct sow seeds in moist, rich soil once the cool weather has passed.

Atomic Arugula

Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa

Healthy Recipes:

• Linguine w/ Arugula, Garlic, & Parmesan
• Sautéed Arugula w/ Red Bell Peppers
• Arugula Salad

History:

This leafy green vegetable comes from the Mediterranean region. Arugula has a long history, with mention in the Old Testament, Book of Kings (II Kings 4:39), it is an old salad leaf. It is noted as being harvested for food as early as the 6th century B.C. and was even mentioned as being used as a form of Viagra, or aphrodisiac. Arugula was brought to America by British colonists and has risen and fallen throughout history in popularity. In the 1990s, thanks to foodie culture, arugula was once again popular.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Borage, Carrot, Celery, Chamomile, Chives, Cucumber, Dill, Kale, Lettuce, Rosemary, Spinach, & Strawberry

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 45-65 F
• Plant Space: 6”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 35 Days

Growing Tips:

Start directly sowing in early spring, and continue to sow every two weeks until the first of May.

Georgia Southern or Creole Collards

Brassica oleracea var. tronchuda

Healthy Recipes:

• Southern Collard Greens
• Brazilian Collard Greens
• Collard Green Wraps

History:

Collard greens date back to prehistoric times and are the oldest leafy green within the cabbage family. They originated near Greece in the Mediterranean and were cultivated more than 2,000 years ago. Enslaved people in Hanover County, VA, first called them “Collerds,” and were allowed to grow them in their gardens. World War I saw a decline in the number of varieties grown in the U.S. due to the large numbers of individuals moving from rural communities to cities, leaving only five varieties commonly in cultivation. In the early 2000s, a project to preserve uncommon varieties of Collards began to enable more varieties to return to cultivation.

Companion Plants:

Beets, Bush Beans, Celery, Chamomile, Cucumber, Dill, Garlic, Marigolds, Mint, Nasturtium, Onions, Potatoes, Rosemary, Sage, & Thyme.

Plant Info:

• 6-12 hours of Sun
• Sprouts in 6-9 Days
• Ideal Temperature: 45-85 Degrees F
• Seed Depth: 1/4″
• Plant Spacing: 8″
• Frost Hardy: Yes

Growing Tips:

Best grown in frosts of spring or fall. Direct seed or transplant 2-4 weeks in spring or 8 weeks in fall before frosts dates. Prefers rich soil.

Russian Red Kale

Brassica oleracea var. sabellica

Healthy Recipes:

• Kale & Red Onion Savory Breakfast Squares
• Red Russian Kale and Chorizo Soup
• Red Russian Kale w/ Garlic and Lemon

History:

Like many leafy green vegetables, kale originated in the eastern Mediterranean, where it was cultivated for food as early as 2000 BC. Kale migrated to Western Europe in the 13th century in the cabbage family. In the 14th century, England records distinguished hard-heading cabbage and loose-leaf kale. Russian traders introduced kale in Canada and the U.S. in the 19th century. In the U.S. during the 20th century, it was mainly used as decoration. Still, it is becoming more popular as an edible vegetable due to its nutritional value.

Companion Plants:

Allium, Beans, Beets, Buckwheat, Catnip, Celery, Cilantro, Cucumber, Dill, Garlic, Leeks, Marigolds,  Mint, Nasturtium, Onions, Peas, Radishes, & Sweet Alyssum

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 6-9 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 45-85 F
• Plant Space: 8”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 50 Days

Growing Tips:

Best grown in spring or fall and prefer rich soil.

Hungarian Landrace II Lettuce

Lactuca sativa

Healthy Recipes:

• Stir-Fried Iceberg Lettuce
• Green Goddess Salad
• Fully Loaded Wedge Salad

History:

Lettuce was first grown in ancient Egypt for its oil from seeds. Through selective breeding, Egyptians began growing plants with edible leaves as early as 2680 BC. In ancient Egyptian times, the plant was considered a sacred plant of Min, a god of fertility and harvest. Iceberg lettuce became a preferred crop in America in the late 1800s due to its perfect tight head and ability to grow in the chilly spring weather or heat of the summer. It rose to popularity due to its ability to travel over long distances. Lettuce would be packaged onto train cars and shipped across the nation. In the 1920s, Fresh Express would ship lettuce using ice from California to the East Coast. When the train would pull into each stop, folks would call out, “the icebergs are coming…” The name stuck. However, the Burpees Seed catalog also mentions Iceberg Lettuce as early as 1893.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Beets, Calendula, Carrots, Chervil, Chives, Cilantro, Corn, Cucumbers, Dill, Eggplant, Garlic, Onion, Parsnips, Peas, Radish, Spinach, Strawberry, & Turnips

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 45-75 F
• Plant Space: 8”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 50 Days

Growing Tips:

Direct seed, by planting at least three seeds every two inches. Once sprouted, thin to one plant per foot. This crop can be extended by sowing seeds every 10-14 days.

Crisp Mint Lettuce

Lactuca sativa

Healthy Recipes:

• Grilled Romaine Salad
• Air Fryer Romaine Lettuce
• Stuffed Lettuce Leaves

History:

Some of the earliest cultivated lettuce in ancient Egypt was passed to the Greeks, who shared it with the Romans. During medieval times, lettuce was used as a medicinal herb. Christopher Columbus brought Romaine or Cos lettuce from Europe to the Americas in the late 15th century. The 16th, 17, and 18th centuries saw a boom in different varieties being developed in Europe. In the late 19th century, documentation shows between 65 and 140 distinct varieties of lettuce, and each array often changes names significantly from country to country.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Beets, Calendula, Carrots, Chervil, Chives, Cilantro, Corn, Cucumbers, Dill, Eggplant, Garlic, Onion, Parsnips, Peas, Radish, Spinach, Strawberry, & Turnips

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 60-80 F
• Plant Space: 8”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 65 Days

Growing Tips:

Best grown as a spring or fall crop. When planting you can sow thick rows for baby greens, or space further apart for head lettuce.

Southern Giant Curled Mustard

Brassica juncea

Healthy Recipes:

• Sautéed Mustard Greens
• Stir-Fried Chinese Mustard Greens
• Creamy Mustard Greens Fired Shallots

History:

Mustard is native to India, and in 2021, a study concluded that the species may have been domesticated as long as 6,000 years ago in Central Asia. Mustard has been used in Africa and China for thousands of years. Before the Silk Road began moving spices from the Orient in the 1400s, mustard was one of the only spices that could be locally grown in Europe, and it has been for at least 2,000 years. European courts employed “mustardarius,” a full-time position whose sole job was to produce mustard for the table.

Companion Plants:

Celery, Chamomile, Corn, Dill, Garlic, Mint, Onions, Rosemary, Sage, & Thyme

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 5-8 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 55-70 F
• Plant Space: 12”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 50 Days

Growing Tips:

Sow in place, and preforms best during cool spring and fall conditions. However, Southern Giant Curled Mustard can tolerate heat and frost.

Bloomsdale Long Standing Spinach

Spinacia oleracea

Healthy Recipes:

• Creamed Spinach
• Garlic Sautéed Spinach
• Lemon Pasta w/ Spinach

History:

Spinach was cultivated in Iran more than 2,000 years ago, and the word “spinach” is derived from the Persian word for “green hand.” In the 1400s, spinach was grown in Europe and brought with the first settlers to America. American seed catalogs began listing spinach by 1806. Bloomsdale Long Standing Spinach was developed in 1826 by D. Landreth & Sons Seed Company in Philadelphia.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Borage, Broccoli, Carrots, Cauliflower, Collard, Cucumbers, Eggplant, Kale, Lettuce, Marigold, Nasturtium, Onion, Pea, Radish, Strawberry, Squash, Tomato,

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: ½”
• Ideal Temperature: 45-75
• Plant Space: 6-8”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 50

Growing Tips:

Begin sowing in late winter, early spring. Plant in rich, well-draining soil with ample moisture. This is a cool weather crop, and bolts during hot summer days and dry conditions.

Genovese Basil

Ocimum basilicum

Healthy Recipes:

• Lemon Basil Chicken
• Basil Pesto
• Tomato & Basil Angel Hair Pasta

History:

This form of Basil is the most famous type of Basil. It is also known as heirloom, Italian, or traditional. Genovese Basil is part of the mint family. It is associated with Italy, but it originated in areas of Asia and Africa. Humans have cultivated Basil since prehistoric times. It was brought to the Mediterranean area via the ancient spice routes. It was grown in the Liguria region of Italy by the Romans, who used it as a spread on bread. It gets its name from the port city of Genoa. Genovese Basil was brought to the U.S. by the early colonists and was an essential spice for American cuisine.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Beets, Borage, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrots, Chamomile, Chives, Cucumber, Dill, Garlic,  Lettuce, Marigolds, Nasturtium, Oregano, Parsnips, Potato, & Rosemary

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 6-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ¼”
• Ideal Temperature: 70-80 F
• Plant Space: 8”
• Frost Hardy: No
• Harvest Time: 60

Growing Tips:

Basil prefers heat, and thrives all summer long. You should start your basil indoors and transplant after the danger of frost is gone. To ensure busy, abundant plants, pinch off any flowers or buds. You will also want to clip new growth back to the fork to help ensure the plant spreads wider, rather than taller.

Georgian Landrace Cilantro

Coriandrum sativum

Healthy Recipes:

• Cilantro Lime Rice
• Pico de Gallo
• Black Bean Tostadas w/ Cilantro Sauce

History:

Is it Cilantro or coriander? Cilantro is the leaves, whereas the spice coriander comes from the seeds. Egyptians grew one of the oldest known herbs, and archeologists have discovered seeds in Egyptian tombs. Archeologists discovered Cilantro in the Nahal Hemar cave in Israel, which points to it being used as early as 6,000 BC. Christopher Columbus brought Cilantro to the Americas via the Columbian Exchange, a process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic. Once Cilantro was introduced to the southern reaches of the New World, it became entrenched in Central and South American cuisines. It made its way to America a century and a half later via the British colonists, who were introduced to it by the Romans.

Companion Plants:

Anise, Basil, Carrots, Chervil, Cosmos, Coreopsis, Dill, Green Beans, Legumes, Lupine, Mint, Parsley, Potato, Spinach, Sunflowers, Sweet Alyssum, Tomato,

Plant Info:

• Part Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: ½”
• Ideal Temperature: 60-80 F
• Plant Space: 4”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 28 Days

Growing Tips:

Plant cilantro in the cool months, and in warmer months protect it with afternoon shade. Cilantro prefers cool climates, with well-draining soil.

Onion Chives

Allium schoenoprasum

Healthy Recipes:

• Party Cheese Bread
• Pork & Chive Pot Stickers
• French Potato Salad

History:

Chives have been used since 3000 BC and are grown wild in Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America. The ancient Romans believed the strong-tasting chive would give physical strength and fed them to racehorses, wrestlers, and workers to strengthen them. Many cultures believed that chives had healing properties. Marco Polo brought chives to Europe from China in the late 13th century. In the US, chives are primarily used for culinary and ornamental gardening.

Companion Plants:

Allium, Basil, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Cucumber, Dill, Grapes, Marigold, Oregano, Parsley, Rose, Sage, Strawberry, & Tomato

Plant Info:

• Part Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-10 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 55-60 F
• Plant Space: 3”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 60 Days

Growing Tips:

During germination, keep seeds moist at all times. Set seedlings outside after the last frost date in the spring. You may also direct sow seeds after the last frost date.

Garlic Chives

Allium tuberosum

Healthy Recipes:

• Buffet Scrambled Eggs
• Dill & Chive Peas
• Broccoli & Chive Stuffed Mini Peppers

History:

Chives have a long history of multiple uses. Garlic Chives have white flowers in the summer, whereas Common (Onion) chives have purple flowers. An old British tradition was to use chives in the garden or hang them over the doorway of a home to prevent evil spirits from entering. The Dutch used chives in their cow pastures to obtain chive-scented milk for cheese. Romanian Gypsies even used chives in fortune-telling. This herb is an excellent perennial for any home culinary dabbler.

Companion Plants:

Allium, Basil, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Cucumber, Dill, Grapes, Marigold, Oregano, Parsley, Rose, Sage, Strawberry, & Tomato

Plant Info:

• Sprouts In: 7-14 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 55-60 F
• Plant Space: 3”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 60

Growing Tips:

During germination, keep seeds moist at all times. Set seedlings outside after the last frost date in the spring. You may also direct sow seeds after the last frost date.

Elephant Dill

Anethum graveolens

Healthy Recipes:

• Dill Chicken Sheet Pan Dinner
• Ukrainian Dill Potatoes
• Dill Dip

History:

Like many edible plants, Dill has its beginnings in the Mediterranean region. It has a long history of use, including culinary and medicinal uses. The earliest record of Dill as a medical herb was found in Egypt over 5,000 years ago. It was referred to as a “soothing medicine.” Babylonians grew Dill in their gardens in 3,000 BC. The Greeks used the oil to burn, to make wine, and to aid with healing wounded soldiers. The herb became popular in England during the seventeenth century, and early settlers were thought to bring it with them. John Winthrop, an English Puritan, was known to have grown Dill in his garden.

Companion Plants:

Asparagus, Basil, Beans, Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrots, Cilantro, Corn, Cucumber, Eggplant, Kale, Marigolds, Mint, Nasturtium, Onions, & Peppers

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-21 Days
• Seed Depth: 1/8”
• Ideal Temperature: 55-75 F
• Plant Space: 4”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 60

Growing Tips:

Elephant Dill prefers well drained, poor soil. You may harvest leaves as you need them or wait until the seeds form on the top 3-4-foot plant and cut the entire plant down. Dill often reseeds itself.

Rosy Rosemary

Salvia rosmarinus

Healthy Recipes:

• Rosemary Melting Potatoes
• Rosemary Crackers
• Rosemary Chicken

History:

Native to the dry, rocky areas of the Mediterranean, this herb’s Latin name translates to “dew of the sea.” The early Greeks and Romans used it. Greek scholars often wore a garland of Rosemary on their heads to help their memory during examinations. Historical leaders like Charlemagne and Napoleon used Rosemary, and even Shakespeare mentioned the herb in five of his plays. It was cultivated in Spain during the 13th century when it was a popular condiment for salted meat. In the 14th century, Rosemary was used in the first alcohol-based perfumes in Europe. It finally arrived in the Americas when early European settlers arrived in the 17th century.

Companion Plants:

Alyssum, Basil, Beans, Borage, Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Chives, Cucumber Lavender, Marigold, Marjoram, Mint, Onion, Oregano, Parsley, Sage, Straberry, Tomato

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 14-28 Days
• Seed Depth: 0”
• Ideal Temperature: 80-90
• Plant Space: 12”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 80

Growing Tips:

When planting rosemary, cover seed try with plastic wrap or humidity dome and keep the soil temperature at 80 F. Ensure the container has plenty of light, and that seeds are sown thickly due to low germination rates.

Broad Leaf Sage

Salvia officinalis

Healthy Recipes:

• Fried Sage Leaves
• 10 Minute Brown Butter Sage Pasta
• Sage Roasted Potatoes

History:

Broad Leaf Sage has been used for various purposes throughout history, such as warding off evil, increasing women’s fertility and treating snakebites. The Romans considered it a “holy herb” and incorporated it into their religious practices. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne recommended growing it in monastery gardens as it was known for its healing properties and value. Today, this trendy plant continues to be used for its therapeutic benefits.

Companion Plants:

Beans, Cabbages, Carrots, Cauliflower, Cucumber, Nasturtium Oregano, Pea, & Tomato

Plant Info:

• Full Sun
• Sprouts In: 7-21 Days
• Seed Depth: 0”
• Ideal Temperature: 60-70 F
• Plant Space: 12”
• Frost Hardy: Yes
• Harvest Time: 80

Growing Tips:

Sow the seeds on the surface, barely covering the seeds. Sage is best started indoors and transplanted outdoors after last frost. You can also directly sow seeds outdoors around the last frost. Once sage begins to grow, you should cut back the plant occasionally to ensure bushier growth.